Treatment Effects
نویسنده
چکیده
The treatment effects literature is about how some outcome of interest, such as earnings, is affected by some treatment, such as a job training program. Evidently such treatment effects must be related to structural models, where the outcome of interest is the left hand side variable and the treatment is a right-hand side variable. Indeed, as we will see, treatment effects can be thought of as coming from a linear structural model with random coefficients. Treatment effect models do have a terminology and set up all their own though, so to help understand the literature it is important to set them up the way others do. To do so, let i index individuals and Di denote a treatment indicator, equal to 1 if a person is treated, and equal to 0 otherwise. For example, Di = 1 might correspond to enrollment in some training program or to some medical treatment. To describe the treatment effect, we need to define two other variables. Let Yi0 denote the potential outcome that would occur when person i is not treated (Di = 0) and Yi1 the potential outcome when they are treated (Di = 1). Clearly these are not both observed. One of them will be “counterfactual”, an outcome that would have occurred if a different treatment had been given. The observed outcome will be
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تاریخ انتشار 2007